大二语法动词不定式.docVIP

英语不定式学习导学案 Ⅰ品味语法 To ask him for help is necessary. He can’t afford to buy such an expensive car. I found it difficult to funish the work in such a short time. The parents don’t allow their children to go out at night. He said he had an important thing to attend to. He worked hard to learn English well. Ⅱ自我探究 例1是动词不定式______，可用it作形式主语 It is necessary to ask him for help。 例2为动词不定式作________。 例3为it作________,真正的宾语是动词不定式to funish the work in such a short time。 例4为动词不定式作__________。 例5为动词不定式作________。 例6为动词不定式作________。 Ⅲ自学讲解归纳 动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，但在句中可以做主语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，表语和状语等多种成分。 动词不定式作主语 （1），动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如果不定式太长，常用it作形式主语。 To see is to believe. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. It made me happy to find my key. (2)如果要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“for+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式” It is easy for him to work out this math problem. (3)表示人的品性的形容词（如cleve,kind,nice wise,fooish,polite,stupid,silly等）作表语时，不定式前常用of 引起的短语。 It was foolish of him to make such a mistake. 动词不定式作表语 不定式作表语，用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时，往往可以省略动词不定式符号to. My wish is to become a university student. Her job is to look after patients. What we want to do now is (to)lie down and rest. The method proved to be highly effective. 动词不定式作宾语 （1）常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,desire,determine,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,offer,manage,intend,learn,afford等。 We hope to get there before dark. He cant’t afford to buy the expensive car. (2).可用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:know,learn,decide,think,consider,observe,wonder,settle,inquire等。 I don’t know what to do. He is considering when to hold a party. (3)在某些复合宾语中，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放到宾语补足语之后。 I think it important to keep the society steady. He thinks it impossible to finish the work in such a short time. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,invite,force,want,wish,teach,get,beg,allow,forbid,encourage,advise,persuade等。 They told him not to be late again. The parents don’t allow their children to go out at night. (2)表示使役的动词make,let,have和表示感官的动词hear，watch,see,notice,ob