被动语音学生版.doc

被动语态 被动语态概念 被动语态的构成： be + 过去分词 时态通过助动词be变化体现： 时态 be 过去分词 以done为例 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are done English is spoken in many countries all over the world . 一般过去时 was / were done Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. 一般将来时 shall / will + be done He wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. 过去将来时 would / should + be done They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. 现在进行时 am / is / are + being done The project is being carried out. 过去进行时 was / were + being done The case was being investigated then. 现在完成时 have / has + been done This novel has been translated into several languages. 过去完成时 had+ been done They said that production costs had been reduced. 【说明】：以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。 一般能用主动语态时优先使用主动语态。只在下列情况中才用被动语态： (1)不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者(无须加by短语) Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. Football is played all over the world. (2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受者。（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者） History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people. 使用被动语态时需要注意的情况： （一）、不能用被动语态的几种情况： There be句型和所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 ② 表示状态的谓语动词，如：hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of 等。③ 表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。④ 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。⑤ 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.⑥ 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。⑦ 谓语动词是以下时，无被动 ：happen,,?suit,?fit(适合),?let,?join,?fall,?cost（花费） break?out（爆发）appear,?burst?out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree?with（同意） （二）、主动表被动 1 .1)形容词difficult, hard, easy, heavy, light, comfortable, pleasant, fit, nice等做表语或宾语补足语,表主语的特点。 2) 动词在句子中与主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系. 3) 针对人而言 ( 省略for sb) .三个条件都满足,一般用主动形式表示被动关系。 例：John is easy ( for us) to get along with. I don’t think English difficult ( for us) to learn. 2. “疑问词+不定式”结构中， 1)不定式和疑问词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，2) 动词不定式和主语成主谓关系. 两个条件都符合,不定式使用主动形式表示被动关系。 例：I don’t know what to do next. He is considering which to choose. 3. 一些句子由物做主语， 系动词 look, sound, feel, taste, smel