部分使用.docVIP

分词用法第一部分?? Post By：2010-5-6 10:12:06 ? I 分词独立结构 ? （1） 分词独立结构在句中作状语。 ????? 当分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致。如果不一致，分词短语前需带其逻辑主语（名词或代词），构成分词独立结构。它作用同分词短语作状语基本相同，表示伴随的动作或情况，表示时间、原因或条件等。在分词独立结构中，逻辑主语与现在分词为主动关系，与过去分词为被动关系，两者已形成完整概念。因此，不必像分词短语作状语时那样考虑和句子主语的逻辑关系。 例句 ? ???? 1) He remained in the hospital for three months, the company paying all his expenses. 他在医院住了三个月，所有费用都由公司负担。（补充说明） 2) The child rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 这孩子满脸是汗地跑进屋来。（伴随情况） 3) The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text. 等学生做完所有练习后，老师开始讲解课文。（完成式独立结构表示时间） 4) So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. ?这么多人缺席，我们决定会议延期举行。（原因） 5)All things considered, his article is of greater value than yours. 从各方面考虑，他的文章比你的更有价值。（条件） （2）独立主格结构有时也可以用with或without引导。 ? ??? 当with引起分词独立结构时，with本身只起引导作用，表示某种状态。分词则根据引出的名词或代词进行选择。用法与普通分词独立结构相同，不过很少出现分词的完成式。with带不定式复合结构，一般用于表示将来的概念。 例句 ???????? 1) With her taking care of him, you have nothing to worry about. ???? 2) With all factors considered, this plan may be better than all others. ???? 3) With five minutes to go before the train left, we arrived at the station. ????????? ?例题 ? 1) Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ????????it closely. (CET 4:1989.1) A. followed????????????? B. following C. to follow???????? ?????D. being followed 选B。该选择为现在分词做独立主格结构，主动语态，表示伴随。 2) All flights ??????because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.? (CET4: 1999.1) A. had been canceled?????? B. have been canceled ?? C. were canceled????????? D. having been canceled? ?? 选D。该选择为现在分词做独立主格结构, 表示原因。 3) All things ??????, the planned trip will have to be called off. (CET4: 1998.6) A. considered??????????? B. be considered C. considering???? ???????D. having considered?? 选A。该选择为过去分词做独立主格结构, 表示条件。 4) The decision ???????, what we should do now is to carry it out. A. been made??????????????? B. has been made C. having been made????????? D. having been making 选C。该选择为现在分词被动