Chap3_Cell growth 生物反应工程 细胞生长.ppt

Chapter 3 Cell Growth Pellet/Colony Size Morphology Internal Structure Agitation Intensity Pellet Concentration Organism Properties Medium Composition Kinetics Influence Determined by Interactive Quantities Temperature It is an important factor affecting the performance of cells. According to their temperature optima, organisms can be classified in four groups: Psychrophiles (Topt ~ 20 oC) Mesophiles (Topt between 25 ~ 37 oC) Thermophiles (Topt ~ 50 oC) Extreme Thermophiles (Topt 75 oC) 3.5.4 Environmental Conditions Affect Growth As the temperature is increased toward optimal growth tem-perature, the growth rate approximately doubles for every 10oC increase in temperature. Above the optimal temperature range, the growth rate de-creases and thermal death may occur, At high temperatures, the thermal death rate exceeds the growth rate, which causes a net decrease in the concentration of viable cells. Arrenhenius Equation where Ea and Ed are activation energies for growth and thermal death, and typical values are 10 ~ 20 kcal/mol and 60 ~ 80 kcal/mol, respectively. That is, thermal death is more sensitive to temperature changes than microbial growth. Temperature can also influence product formation Temperature may affect the rate-limiting step in a fermen-tation process. The temperature optima for growth and product formation may be different. The yield coefficient is also affected by temperature. At high temperature, the rate of bioreaction might become higher than the diffusion rate and diffusion would then become the rate-limiting step. When temperature is increased above the optimal tem-perature, the maintenance requirements of cells increase. pH Hydrogen ion (H+) concentration (pH) affects the activity of enzyme and therefore the microbial growth rate. The optimal pH for growth may be different from that for product formation. Different organisms have different pH optimum: Bacteria: pH = 3 to 8 Yeast: pH = 3 to 6 Molds: pH = 3 to 7 Plant cells: pH = 5 to 6