文体学 Chpt 3(9-21)课件.ppt

Chapter 3 Linguistic Description;The relation between three aspects in a speech event and the levels of language;3.1 Levels of Language;3.1.1 The Level of Phonology ∕Graphology;;Some important terms in phonology:;;;3.1.2 The level of lexis and grammar---the second level;;3.1.3 The Level of Semantics;3.2 Stylistics features;3.2.1 Stylistic Features at the First Level;3.2.1.1 Phonological features;Segmental features;Onomatopoeia;Sound symbolism 语音象征 ;;;(4) Repetition of sounds: arouse the addressee’s sensitivity to the sound quality. Alliteration (repetition of the previous initial consonant)头韵 Assonance (repetition of the vowel but with a different end consonant) 半谐音 Rhyme (repetition of the vowel with the same end consonant) 押韵 ;Examples ;Supra-segmental features;Stress;;John bought that new car yesterday.;Rhythm;; Example ;Intonation:;Tone unit ;把同一个句子划分为不同的语调单位也可以对语义产生影响。如： ?Mary didn’t teach because teaching was easy for her. ;;;(4) Pitch height pitch range 音高和音域;;(5) Pause ;;(6)Tempo:;3.2.1.2 Graphological features;Patterns of writing can assist in distinguishing varieties of language;;An example poem;Another example;又如：;3.2.2 Stylistic features at the second level;3.2.2.1 Grammatical features ;Different ways to classify sentence types:;The stylistic analysis of sentence types may tell us:;;复合句;复杂句;;Periodic sentence (圆周句);Loose sentence 松散句;d. Whether there is parallelism (any repetition of the same structural pattern );e. Whether there are any rhetorical questions (question which does not expect an answer );f. The average sentence length in a text is the last concern in analyzing sentence type.;(2) Clause type;Independent vs. dependent clauses;Finite vs. Non-finite clauses;Stylistic analysis may tell us:;;(3) Group type;There are two types of nominal groups:;The possible varieties of nominal groups (NGs) are :;Chandler: Then I look down, and I realize there’s a phone…there. Joey: instead of …? Chandler: That’s right. Joey: Never had that dream. Phoebe: No.