生物化学 Chapter6 Reactions Of Alkenes Addition Reactions课件.ppt

Chapter 6 Reactions Of Alkenes: Addition Reactions;Exercises:;Exercises;Addition Reaction; §6.1 Hydrogenation of Alkenes;Mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation.;H;H;H;H;Mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation.;The mechanistic representation of heterogeneous catalysis in the hydrogenation of alkenes:;蛾振评腾泉挤搞陨哮几赐笋栽筐涝艇艇凿皖茸捶钢艰鲤唾洲晾逾敞闸镇法生物化学 Chapter6 Reactions Of Alkenes Addition Reactions课件生物化学 Chapter6 Reactions Of Alkenes Addition Reactions课件;氢化反应特点∶; Decreasing heat of hydrogenation and increasing stability of the double bond;Examples:;Alkenes can be reduced to alkanes with H2 in the presence of metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, Ni or Rh. The two new C-H s bonds are formed simultaneously from H atoms absorbed into the metal surface. The reaction is stereospecific giving only the syn addition product. The overall reactions is exothermic. This reaction forms the basis of experimental heats of hydrogenation which can be used to establish the stability of isomeric alkenes. Heat of hydrogenation is positive quantity equal to - ?H°for the reaction.;§6.2 Heats of Hydrogenation;CH3CH2CH2CH3;Heats of Hydrogenation (kJ/mol); Decreasing heat of hydrogenation and increasing stability of the double bond;§6.3 Stereochemistry of Alkene Hydrogenation;syn-Addition versus anti-Addition;Example of syn-Addition;Stereoselectivity;Example ofstereoselective reaction;Example ofstereoselective reaction;H3C;Example ofstereoselective reaction;§6.4 Electrophilic Addition of  Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes;+ E—Y;能发生亲电加成的底物通常是含在C＝C双键和C≡C叁键的化合物。 能发生亲电加成的试剂通常是 HOH，HX，HOCOR，HOSO3R，HOR（H+），HOAr，HSR，X2，XX’(如Br－Cl)，XNRCOR，IOCOR，IN3，IONO2，RCO3H（环氧化），RSX，RSeX，HOX，O2NOCOR，R2BH，R2AlH，AcOHgX，R+(聚合)等。 ;+ H—X;CH3CH2;Mechanism;X;X;Mechanism of Addition of  Hydrogen Halides to alkenes;Step2:;§6.5 Regioselectivity of hydrogen Halide Addition : Markovnikov’s Rule;Markovnikov’s Rule:;Markovnikow规则 ; Markovnikov规则的这种加成位置（加成取向）的选择性，即不对称烯烃与不对称试剂进行亲电加成的