medicalEnglishexercises概要.ppt

exercises Surgical procedures are commonly grouped in one of three ways. 1. purpose. Surgical procedures may be categorized according to their purpose. First, diagnostic confirms or establishes a diagnosis. Second. Palliative relieves or reduces pain or symptoms of a disease; does not cure. Third. Ablative removes a diseased body part. Fourth. Reconstructive restores function or appearance that has been lost or reduced. Fifth. Transplant replaces malfunctioning structures. 2. Degree of urgency. Surgery is classified by its urgency and necessity to preserve the client’s life, body part, or body function . Emergency surgery is performed immediately to preserve function or the life of the client. Elective surgery is performed when a condition is not immediately life threatening or to improve the client’s life. 3. Degree of risk. Surgery is also classified as major or minor according to the degree of risk to the client. Major surgery involves a high degree of risk. In contrast, minor surgery normally involves little risk, produces few complications, and is often performed on an outpatient basis as “day surgery.” The degree of risk involved in a surgical procedures affected by the client’s age, general health, nutritional status, use of medications, and mental status. 手术过程一般按下面三个方面之一进行分类：一、目的。根据手术目的的不同，手术过程分为：1、确定或证实诊断；2、缓解、减轻疾病所引起的疼痛或症状，并非治愈；3、祛除病变部位；4、重新恢复已经失去或减少了的功能或外形；5、移植有缺陷的器官。二、急症程度。手术要根据急症程度和必要性来进行分类，以此来保护患者的生命、机体和机体功能。急症手术是为了迅速保护患者的机体功能或生命而进行的；当病情不会马上威胁患者生命的时候或者是为了改善患者的生命质量的时候，就可以进行择期手术。三、危险程度。根据手术对患者的危险程度，手术可划分为大手术和小手术。大手术会对患者生命造成严重的危险，相反，小手术一般没有危险、不会产生并发症，经常在门诊部就可进行，所以被称为“日间手术”。患者的年龄、整体健康状况、营养状况、药物的使用和精神状况都会影响手术过程的危险程度。 A medication is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, relief, or prevention of disease. In the health care context, the words medication and drug are used interchang