PL-SQL Introduction -2 PLSQL Fundamentals课件.ppt

PL/SQL Fundamentals; Variables A variable is simply a location in memory where you can store data of different types.  Variables can be read or set during execution of a PL/SQL block, values from the database can be stored in variables as can literals and values of other variables. All variables must be declared before they can be used. The declaration of a variable specifies the type and size of the data that the variable will hold.; Different types of variable within PL/SQL Data type Max Size Default Size Description NUMBER (width,scale) 38 38 Numeric values rounded to a whole number unless a scale is given, i.e. NUMBER(5,2) means a numeric values 5 digits in length allowing for 2 decimal placesVARCHAR2 (width) 32767 Variable length character dataCHAR (width) 32767 Fixed length character dataDATE Valid date valuesBOOLEAN Boolean values TRUE and FALSE ; Variables – Declaration All declarations must appear in the DECLARE section of your block. Variable declaration has the following syntax:-  varname TYPE [CONSTANT] [NOT NULL] [:= value];  where varname is the name of the variable, the CONSTANT keyword specifies this variable as a constant (Fixed value), the NOT NULL keyword ensures the value can never be NULL and the final part is a default value;; some examples:-  DECLARE v_anumber1 NUMBER(10); v_anumber2 NUMBER := 100; v_astring VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL := Y;  All the above are valid declarations. The following is invalid,  v_a_string VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL;  because the variable is NOT NULL and no default value has been given. The DEFAULT keyword can also b