Separation Process Principles1课件.ppt

Separation Process Principles;About the Authors;Chapter 1 Separation Processes;Chemists use analytical separation methods such as chromatography, to determine compositions of complex mixtures quantitatively. preparative separation techniques to recover and purify chemicals. Chemical engineers are more concerned with the manufacture of chemicals using economical, large-scale separation methods, which may differ considerably from laboratory techniques. For example, in a laboratory, chemists separate and analyze light-hydrocarbon mixtures by gas-liquid chromatography, while in a large manufacturing plant a chemical engineer uses distillation to separate the same hydrocarbon mixtures. This book presents the principles of large-scale component separation operations, with emphasis on methods applied by chemical engineers to produce useful chemical products economically. Included are treatments of classical separation methods, such as Distillation Absorption Liquid-liquid extraction As well as newer methods: adsorption and membrane separation Separation operation for all three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) are covered. Knowing the principles of separation operations, chemical engineers can successfully develop, design, and operate industrial processes. ;1.1 Industrial chemical processes;A chemical process involves different modes of operation, conducted in either a batchwise, continuous, or semicontinuous manner. The operations may be classified as either key operations (which are unique to chemical engineering because they involve changes in chemical composition): (1) chemical reaction, (2) separation of a mixture of chemicals. or auxiliary operations (which are necessary to the success of the key operations but may be designed by mechanical engineers as well because the auxiliary operations do not involve changes in chemical composition): (1) separation of phases, (2) heat addition or removal, (3) shaft-work addition or removal (to change pressure), (4