unergative非作格动词课件.pptVIP

English LexicologyEnglish Idioms; 　verbs intransitive transitive ditransitive unergative unaccusative 　middle 　 unergative:非作格动词 middle: 中间动词 ergative:作格动词 unaccusative:非宾格动词;Warming-up ;The Lexicon;Morphological Processes;Overview;1. Semantic unity Each idiom is a single semantic unity. The meaning of an idiom is opaque; i.e. the meaning of an idiom is not the total sum of the meaning of its constituents. till the cows come home: The idiom functions as one word—an adverb meaning “forever.”;2. Structural stability The structure of an idiom usually remains unchangeable. In other words, the constituent components of an idiom can not, generally speaking, be changed or replaced by other words. bury the hatchet *bury the ax in (*the) question out of (the) question;2. Structural stability Many idioms are grammatically wrong, but idiomatically accepted. Long time no see. Like cures like. Go great guns.;Gradable idiomaticity;More examples;According to grammatical function, idioms can be divided into 5 types: 1) Nominal idioms—subject and objects 2) Adjectival idioms—complements 3) Verbal idioms—predicates 4) Adverbial idioms—adverbials 5) Sentence idioms;They function as the subject or the object in a sentence: a white elephant (沉重的负担, 无用的累赘东西) brain trust apple of discord (祸根) the salt of the earth What is the apple of discord for this disaster? ;They function as complements or modifiers in a sentence. cut and dried (determined) wide of the mark (irrelevant) up in the air (uncertain) The plan is still up in the air. The plan is cut and dried. He is as poor as a church mouse. ;They function as predicate verbs in a sentence. Phrasal verb: verb + particle look up put off turn on put on b) Prepositional verb: verb + preposition look after look into dig into pick up ;a) Phrasal verb: verb + particle b) Prepositional verb: verb + preposition c) Prepositio