中考宾语从句知识点课程讲义.docVIP

宾语从句------语序和连接代词 一．考点回顾 从句种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的短语，或形容词的宾语，根据宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可以分为三类。 由that 引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 Eg. He said (that)he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that)he will succeed. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, which ,what ; 连接副词when , where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个充分。 Eg. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for ? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 由if 或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句 【不能选that选项】 I want to know if /whether he lives here. He asked me whether/if I could help him. 注意whether/if区别： whether….. or not // to do 语序 ---- 宾语从句用陈述语序 [主语+谓语+宾语从句（连接词+陈述句）] Eg. I think that you will like this school soon. 宾语从句时态 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句时态取决于从句（从句是一般过去时，宾语从句应用一般过去时，以此类推） Eg. Do you know how much she paid for the new mobile phone last week? 如果主句时态是一般过去式，宾语从句只能用相应的过去式（一般过去式，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） Eg. Sue told me that she would go shopping with her sister the next day 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时 Eg. Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. 主句中的could / would 不表示过去时态，而表示语气委婉 Eg. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 宾语从句-----直接引语转换成间接引语 直接引语转化成间接引语 引语是陈述句： 主语+said, “陈述句” 主语+said +(that) +陈述句 He said , “I ‘m very glad.” He said (that) he was very glad. 2) 引语是一般疑问句： 主语+asked, “一般疑问句” 主语+asked +whether/if +陈述句 He asked , “Are you very busy these days?” (直接) He asked me whether/if I was busy these days . （间接） 3) 引语是特殊疑问句： 主语+asked, “特殊疑问句” 主语+asked +疑问词+陈述句 He said , “when do you want to leave?” (direct) He asked me when i want to leave (indirect) 4) 引语是祈使句：主语+ask/tell/order sb (not) to do sth . He said , “Open the door ,John !” (直接) He asked John to open the open . 主句的转述动词为过去式时，将直接引语转换为间接引语时的时态变化 一般现在时 一般过去时； 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时； 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时； 情态动词现在式 情态动词过去式 注意： 直接引语中陈述的是真理，间接引语中仍用一般现在时 转换过程中时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、某些动词变化 直接引语 间接引语 now then