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Chapter 17 Cosmogenic isotopes Cosmogenic isotopes: also called “terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclide” -TCN Early time (mid-20th century) 14C was in use (C-bearing bodies:50 ky). Last 10 years, application of TCN on geology has been advanced. The reason: instrumental improvement (AMS: 106 atoms) How are TCN generated? Primary cosmic rays react with nucleus in atmosphere and generate secondary rays: mainly neutrons and protons, and muon as well. These secondary rays have nuclear reaction with certain elements ( 56 atomic number) in minerals on earth’s surface and produce TCN : mainly 3