台湾清华大学生命科学第四十八讲(焦传金教授).pptx

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 49 Nervous Systems Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Key concepts 1. Neural network of the brain can do more than the sum of individual neurons. 2. Nervous systems (sensory, CNS, motor) not only make animals respond the environmental changes faster, but also make animals know who they are. Fig. 49-1 (e) Insect (arthropod) Segmental ganglia Brain Ventral nerve cord (a) Hydra (cnidarian) Nerve net Nerve ring Radial nerve (b) Sea star (echinoderm) Anterior nerve ring Longitudinal nerve cords (f) Chiton (mollusc) (g) Squid (mollusc) Brain Ganglia Ganglia (c) Planarian (flatworm) cords Transverse nerve Brain Nerve Brain (d) Leech (annelid) Segmental ganglia Ventral nerve cord Brain Spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord) Sensory ganglia (h) Salamander (vertebrate) Fig. 49-2 Nervous system organization Eyespot Fig. 49-3 Cell body of sensory neuron in dorsal root ganglion Gray matter White matter Hamstring muscle Spinal cord (cross section) Sensory neuron Motor neuron Interneuron The knee-jerk reflex Quadriceps muscle Fig. 49-4 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Cranial nerves Central nervous system (CNS) Brain Spinal cord Ganglia outside CNS Spinal nerves Fig. 49-5 White matter Ventricles Gray matter Ventricles, gray matter, and white matter Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings • The central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain are hollow and filled with cerebrospinal fluid • The cerebrospinal fluid is filtered from blood and functions to cushion the brain and spinal cord Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Glia in the CNS • Glia