Lesson3DieselEngineConstruction(1)程序.doc

Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1) 第3 课 柴油机结构(1) Bedplate and Frame机座和机架 The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship. 在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。 It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bolts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts. 它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。 The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings 曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上，这些轴承称作主轴承。 each consists of two shells which are supported in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps 每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定 The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate. 即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。 On the flat upper surface of the bedplate are arranged a number of A-shaped frames or entablatures which may be manufactured of cast iron or fabricated steel. The frames are mounted on and bolted to the bedplate cross girders. 在机座上平面装有若干铸铁或锻钢制成的A形机架，机架安装在机座的横梁上，并用螺栓固定。 At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called the scavenging air box A 形机架顶部有一个结实的框架结构叫扫气箱 which is built of a number sections provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together to form a block for 1-3 cylinders in front of the chain transmission, and a block with 4-6 cylinders aft of the chain transmission. 该扫气箱分若干段，每段均带有垂直法兰，通过螺栓可将它们在链传动装置前1~3 缸的部分连成一体，链传动装置后4 缸~6 缸的部分连成一体。 The chain transmission, forming the connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as the chain drive casing. 链传动装置将曲轴和凸轮轴连在一起，封闭在链传动箱的壳体内。 Cylinders and covers气缸和气缸盖 On top of scavenging air box is mounted strong cast iron frame for each cylinder. 在扫气箱上部，每个气缸装有一个坚固的铸铁框架。 These frames are known as cylinder blocks or cooling jackets, which are provided with vertical flange