普通物理学热学知识点总结（Summary of thermal knowledge in general physics）.docVIP

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普通物理学热学知识点总结（Summary of thermal knowledge in general physics）.doc

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普通物理学热学知识点总结（Summary of thermal knowledge in general physics）

普通物理学热学知识点总结（Summary of thermal knowledge in general physics） 1. the concept of temperature and related definitions 1) the temperature is the physical quantity that describes the macroscopic state of the system when it is in thermal equilibrium. 2) is a numerical representation of temperature scale. A scale is commonly used by T, Celsius, the degree centigrade (C). The other is a thermodynamic scale, also called the Kelvin scale, denoted by T. Its international system of units in the name of Kelvin, referred to as K. The relationship between the conversion and the thermodynamic scale celsius: T/K=273.15 DEG C + T The temperature has no upper limit, but there is a lower limit. Temperature is the thermodynamic temperature scale absolute zero. The temperature can be infinitely close to 0 K, but it never reaches 0 K. 2. microscopic models of ideal gases and statistical models of large quantities of gases. Characteristics of velocity distribution. 1) in order to investigate the macroscopic phenomena of ideal gas from the point of view of the theory of gas motion, a microscopic model of ideal gas should be established. Can assume: The size of the a gas molecule is much smaller than the average distance between gas molecules and therefore negligible. The ideal gas molecule can be regarded as a particle. The interaction between B molecules can be neglected. The collisions of C molecular bonds and collisions with their walls can be considered as perfectly elastic collisions. To sum up: ideal gas molecules can be regarded as free, irregularly moving elastic particle groups. 2) the motion of each molecule obeys the law of mechanics, while the thermal motion of a large number of molecules obeys the laws of statistics. The statistical law tells us that we can hear the method of averaging the physical quantities of onlookers and get the macroscopic physical quantities. The macroscopic parameters of a gas (temperature, pressure, etc.) are the statistical averages of the thermal mo