回顾高中的焦点重点.docVIP

回顾高一所学的重点句型 1. ［课文原句］I live in Shi jiazhuang, a city not far from Bei jing. （Page 2）我住在石家庄,一个离北京不远的城市。 ［点拨］在本句中,a city not far from Bei jing 是Shi jiazhuang的同位语。同位语是在名词或代词之后并列于名词或代词并对前者加以说明的成份，近乎于后置定语。如：We students should love our country. （students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report等,关联词多用that。如：They were all surprised at the news that the president was shot dead.对总统被枪杀这件事,他们都很惊讶。 ［点击名题］Information has been put for-ward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.（2001 上海） A. while B. that C. when D. as ［解析］答案B。实际上这是一个同位语从句，information与同位语从句被has been put forward分隔开来，that引导的同位语从句用来解释information的具体内容。这句话的意思是“有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学学习。” 2. ［课文原句］①There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late ... （Page 12） ②This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. （Page 19） ③We saw abandoned farms, which were built more than a hundred years ago. （Page 23） ［点拨］以上三句用到英语学习中一个非常重要的语法现象——定语从句,也就是用来做定语的从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句跟在先行词的后面,如句①中students是先行词，who是关系词。 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。选择关系词要根据其在从句中所充当的成份以及先行词与从句中谓语的关系。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等；关系副词有：when, where, why等。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。观察下面两个句子：①The man who sat in the first row was our English teacher. （限制性定语从句）②Mr. Zhang, who sat in the first row, was our English teacher. （非限制性定语从句）可以看出限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语；如果删去，全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用；即使去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时不能省略；做宾语时可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。如：①The man who won the match was awarded 1,000 Yuan. （who 在从句中做主语，不能省略）②The man （ who / whom / that） I talked with is a famous artist. （who / whom / that 在从句中作宾语，可以省略）某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的关系副词when, where和why 等可以用“介词+关系词”结构替换。如：This is the house where I lived three years ago. →This is the house in which I lived three years ago. ［点击名题］Is this the reason _____