火电厂锅炉过热汽温控制系统设计.docVIP

摘要 过热蒸汽温度控制系统是单元机组不可缺少的重要组成部分，其性能和可靠性已成为保证单元机组安全性和经济性的重要因素。过热蒸汽温度较高时，机组热效率则相对较高，但过高时，汽机的金属材料又无法承受，气温过低则影响机组效率。过热蒸汽温度的稳定对机组的安全经济运行非常重要，所以对其控制有较高的要求。但是由于过热蒸汽温度是一个典型的大迟延、大惯性、非线性和时变性的复杂系统，本次设计采用串级控制以提高系统的控制性能，在系统中采用了主控-串级控制的切换装置，使系统可以适用于不同的工作环境。通过使用该系统，可以使得锅炉过热器出口蒸汽温度在允许的范围内变化，并保护过热器营壁温度不超过允许的工作温度。 关键词：过热蒸汽温度，减温水，串级控制系统，PID Abstract The superheated steam temperature control system is an important and indispensable unit aircrew part, its performance and reliability has become ensure safety and economic behavior of the unit aircrew important factors. The superheated steam temperature is higher, the thermal efficiency is relatively high, but is high, the metal materials and the turbine unable to bear, the temperature is too low will influence the unit efficiency. The superheated steam temperature stability of the unit safe and economic operation is very important, so for the control have higher requirements. But because the superheated steam temperature is a typical time-delayed, large inertia, nonlinear and changeable complex system, this design USES the cascade control in order to improve the control performance of the system, in the system by the master-cascade control of switching device, make the system can be used in different working environment. By using this system, can make the boiler overheating export steam temperature in allowed within the scope of the change, and the protection of superheater wall temperature not more than allow the camp of working temperature. Key words: the superheated steam temperature, reduce warm water, cascade control system, PID  目录 摘要 I Abstract II 1 绪论 1 1.1 选题的背景及意义 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 2 1.3 本次设计的目的 3 1.4 本次设计所做的工作 3 2 汽温控制系统的组成与对象动态特性 4 2.1汽温调节的概念和方法 4 2.1.1 从蒸汽侧调节汽温 4 2.1.2 从烟气侧调节汽温 6 2.2过热器的分类及其基本结构 8 2.2.1 过热器的分类 8 2.2.2 过热器的基本结构 11 2.3 过热蒸汽温度控制系统的基本结构和工作原理 12 2.3.1 过热器一级减温控制系统 12 2.3.2 过热器二级减温控制系统 13 2.4 过热蒸汽温度控制对象的动静态特性 15 2.4.1 静态特性 15 2.4.2 动态特性 15 3 过热汽温控制系统的基本方案 19