征服了虚拟语法.docVIP

虚拟语气 一、概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 二、在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 1.真实条件句: 主将从现 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 2.非真实条件句 条件从句(if)的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 一般过去式 (be---were) would / could / might / should +V.原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成式had +done would /could / might / should ＋have done 与将来事实相反 ①一般过去式 ②should + V.原形 ③were to do would / could / might / should ＋V.原形 a. If they were here, they would help you. If she had time, she would go with you. b. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.　 C. If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 　If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 　If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 三、混合条件句 　　主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 　　（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 　　If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 四、.虚拟条件句的倒装 　　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 　　1）Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. 　　2）Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　 　　3）Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 　五、特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1) 在主语从句中的应用　 ①It is insisted/ ordered/command/ suggested /advised/ proposed required/demanded/requested/asked that…+ (should) do It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week ②It is important /necessary/ natural/strange that…+ (should) do It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow　　③It is a pity/ a shame/no wonder that…+ (should) do It is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。 　2）在宾语从句中的应用：在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：suggest, advise, propose 四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculato