第12课 翻译中文化因素的处理.pptVIP

汉英翻译中汉语文化因素的传译 中国译协会长刘习良在 “2006中国国际翻译产业论坛作主旨发言时指出： “高水平的翻译专业人才和翻译专业师资队伍严重匮乏。……在对翻译工作的认识上, 存在诸多误区。比如，‘懂外语, 就能作翻译’ 这种错误观念还相当普遍。其结果, 就是许多人能够和外国人对话, 却不能胜任翻译任务。……外语与翻译之间固然关系密切, 但是, 外语与翻译毕竟是两门学科。翻译是科学，又是艺术。” 1.The definition of culture Culture means the total body of tradition borne by a society and transmitted from generation to generation. It thus refers to the norms, values, standards by which people act, and it includes the ways distinctive in each society of ordering the world and rendering it intelligible. Culture is...a set of mechanisms for survival, but it provides us also with a definition of reality. It is the matrix into which we are born. (Robert Murphy, 1986: 14 ) that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and many other capabilities and habits acquired by...[members] of society. (E.B. Taylor , 1871) 美国著名翻译理论家尤金.奈达定义为“某一人群及其生存环境中所特有的某种活动、思想及其在物体和活动中所表现出来的物质形式的总和”。 陈宏薇将文化定义为：文化是人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。（《现代汉语字典》第一条定义） “The definition of culture is what the society does or thinks.”(Edward Sapir) “Culture as a way of life, Culture might be defined as the ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools which characterize a given people in a given period of time.”(H.D.Brown) Robertson said, “Culture refers to the total pattern of beliefs, customs, institutions, objects and techniques which characterize the life of a human community. Culture consists of all the shared products of human society.” E.T.Hall said in 1977 that “Culture is everything and everywhere.” E.A.Hoebel and E.Frost see culture in nearly all human activity. They define culture as an “integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are not the result of biological inheritance.” Daniel Bates and Freg Plog said, “Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and art that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.”