优秀游泳运动员临赛前情绪状态研究.pdfVIP

2012年10月 安徽体育科技 Oct．2012 第5 第1 期) Journal of Anhui Sports Science Vo1．33 No．5(1’ota1 No．153 优秀游泳运动员临赛前情绪状态研究 Research On ExcellentSwimmers’Moods Be． hwe Comoetition0re om 宋耀伟 SongYaowei ’ (西安体育学院游泳教研室，陕西西安710068) (Swimming Teaching Dept．，Xi’an PkIysieal Education University，Xi’an Shanxi 710068) 摘 要 根据比赛发挥程度将31名优秀游泳运动员分为超常、正常、失常组，采用《赛前情绪量表一T》 16×4简表在赛前2h、30min对运动员进行问卷调查，分析不同组别运动员赛前情绪状态差异，探索优 秀游泳运动员赛前适宜比赛的情绪状态。结果表明：不同组别运动员赛前情绪状态存在差异；个体失败 焦虑、躯体特质焦虑和特质自信相对敏感，与比赛发挥有一定联系，社会期待焦虑并非影响游泳运动员 赛前情绪的敏感维度；游泳运动员临赛前应具备较高水平正确导向的自信，中等偏低的躯体特质焦虑、 个体失败焦虑和社会期待焦虑；建议教练员重视心理训练和赛时心理调节。 关键词 游泳 优秀运动员 赛前情绪状态 适宜比赛状态 调查 中图分类号：G804．87 文献标识码：A Abstracts This study divided 31 excellent swimmers into 3 groups，out—performing，normal—performing and low—performing groups and then made a questionnaire towards the swirn／ners with 16×4 Table—T 2 hours and 20 minutes respectively before competition，analyzed the differentiation of their mc~xts among the 3 groups，and thus figure out the proper moods for swimmers before competition．The results show that differ— ent groups have got different moods．Mental anxiety，physical anxiety and lack of confidence will affect the competition．The social—expectation anxietydoesnot rather affectthe swimmers’sensitivenessdimensionbe． fore match．A swimmer should enjoy a high—level and proper～leading confidenceI lower—than—average level of physical anxiety。mental anxiety and social—expectation．This paper suggested coaches should focus on mental training and mental leverage during competition． Key words swimming excellent swimmers pre——match moods proper competition status research 1 前言 社会期待焦虑在赛前情绪中的重要地位。有鉴于此，本研究 “竞赛焦虑”是指运动员在比赛前和比赛中对当前或预