数学物理中的变分法.docVIP

摘 要 数学物理中的变分方法是把一个数学物理方程的定解问题归结为变分问题——求泛函的极值问题。变分方法是解数学物理方程定解问题的常用方法。变分原理描述微分方程定解问题与一定条件下泛函的极值问题之间存在着一种等价关系，从而可以通过求解相应泛函的极值问题（即变分问题）得到微分方程定解问题的解。 本文首先介绍了变分原理及其在边值问题中的应用，阐述了Dirichlet原理、正定对称算子的变分原理以及其它边值问题的变分原理；其次讨论的变分方法的基本问题；接着着重介绍了数学物理中常见的两种变分方法：Ritz方法和Galerkin方法及其在解本证值和边值问题中的应用；最后给出了其他一些变分近似方法：Kantorovich法、最速下降法、最小平方法及Courant法等。 关键词：变分方法；Dirichlet原理；Ritz方法；Kantorovich法 Abstract Variational methods in mathematical physics is due to the variational problem - seek the extremal of the functional definite solution of a mathematical physics equations. The variational method is commonly used method for solving mathematical physics EQUATION. Variational principle to describe the differential equation definite solution of the problem under certain conditions, functional extremal problem there is an equivalence relation, thus solving the problem of the extreme value of the corresponding functionals (ie, change of sub-issues) to get the differential equation given solution of the problem solution. This paper first introduces the application of the variational principle and its Boundary Problems on the Dirichlet principle, the variational principle of symmetric positive definite operator, and the other boundary value variational principle; followed by discussion of the variational method; then focuses on mathematical physics in two of the variational method: the Ritz method and Galerkin method and its application in the solution of the value of the card and Boundary Value Problems; Finally, some other variational approximation methods: of Kantorovich method, the steepest descent method, the least squares method and the Courant law. Key words: variational methods; Dirichlet principle; Ritz method; Kantorovich method 目 录 目 录 I 第1章 概述 1 第2章 变分原理 2 2.1膜平衡问题 2 2.2 Dirichlet原理 3 2.3正定对称算子的变分原理 5 2.4其它边值问题的变分原理 7 2.4.1 Neumaan问题的变分原理 7 2.4.2 第三类边值问题的变分原理 8 第3章 变分方法的基本问题 9 3.1 泛函与泛函极值的基本问题 9 3.2 Euler-lagrange方程 10 3.3 多个变量的变分问题 11 3.4变端点问题和自然边界条件 13 第4章 常见的两种变分方法及其应用 15 4.