3电能表抗电快速瞬变脉冲干扰综合抑制方法-电测与仪表.docVIP

多功能电能表抗电快速瞬变脉冲群综合抑制方法应用研究* 周韶园1，，（1.，；2. 工程学院，） 摘要： 关键词： 中图分类号：TM933 文献标识码： 文章编号： Research on omprehensive method of electrical fast transient burst interference suppression of multi-function energy meter Zhou Shaoyuan1, Zhang Xuesheng2，Zheng Jianzhong1, Zhu Zhongwen1 (1. Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China. 2. School of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China) Abstract：Aiming at electrical transient bursts (EFT/B)immunity test problems of the multi-function energy meter, a comprehensive method of EFT/B interference suppression was proposed based on hardware and software improvement. The anti-interference ability of power supply circuit was improved by using longitudinal chokes and optimizing the power filter design. For some auxiliary circuits, such as the input, output and communication terminals, the anti-interference abilities were improved by reducing components parasitic capacitance, increasing dedicated isolation chip, and optimizing PCB layout. Meanwhile, the recursive digital filter algorithms were applied to enhance stability and fault tolerance capability of the software. The experiments for a multi-function electricity meter of EFT/B were made after adopting comprehensive suppression measures, and the results show the obvious improvement of the proposed methods. Keywords：EFT/B interference suppression, vertical choke, digital filter algorithm0　引 言 [1]。 电能表在受到电快速瞬变脉冲群等电磁干扰时，若计量芯片、晶振或者PCB线路板等元器件抗干扰能力不够、磁屏蔽效果不理想，仪表可能出现计量失准、损坏甚至停止工作，造成明显计费偏差，给供用电双方造成重大经济损失。2008年至今的每年电能表国家专项监督抽查中均出现电快速瞬变脉冲群等电磁兼容项目不合格。 本文基于电快速瞬变脉冲群产生机理以及多功能电能表工作原理和具体特征，通过硬件电路的改进、软件算法提升等方式提出电能表抗电快速瞬变脉冲群干扰的综合抑制方法，并通过试验验证方法的有效性。 1　电快速瞬变脉冲群产生机理及其特性 感性负载电路断开时的暂态过程如图1（a）所示，当开关断开时，根据电感元器件的特性，电感上的电流不能发生突变，为维持这个电流，电感上会产生一个很高的反电动势： （1） 式中为电感磁通；L为电感（H）；i为电流（A）。这个反向电动势向电感两端的寄生电容C反向充电，当达到一定程度时，触点上的电压升高将触点击穿，形成导电通路，电容C开始放电，当电压降到维持触点空气导通的电压以下时，通路断开，再次重复以上过程，寄生电容C的波形如图1（b）所示。