3、坡地地貌.ppt.convertor（3, sloping landscape.Ppt.convertor）.doc

3、坡地地貌.ppt.convertor（3, sloping landscape.Ppt.convertor） The third chapter is weathering and gravity, geomorphology and accumulation I. weathering and residual deposits Exposed to the surface of the rock, by solar radiation, temperature changes, water and biological effects of fragmentation and decomposition, forming a variety of debris, sand and clay, this role is called weathering. Physical weathering; chemical weathering; biological differentiation (I) types of weathering 1. physical weathering Concept: mechanical disintegration of surface rock due to temperature changes, freezing of water in pores, and crystallization of rocks. It causes the rock to change from a relatively complete consolidation state to a loose and broken state, which increases the porosity and surface area of the rock. This weathering that only causes changes in physical properties of rocks is called physical weathering or mechanical weathering. The main form of physical weathering: (1) temperature difference weathering: the periodic change of rock surface temperature causes rock disintegration, and occurs in arid and semi-arid regions with great temperature difference. (2) ice splitting: the water in the rock fissure expands when it freezes, the volume becomes smaller after melting, and then joins the water, then expands again, causing rock rupture for a long time. The main occurrence is high latitude and high mountains. (3) crystal and deliquescence: effect of salts and ice split, salt crystallization volume increases, occurred in the arid and semi arid areas. 2. chemical weathering Concept: chemical weathering refers to a series of complex chemical changes in dissolution, hydration, hydrolysis, carbonation and oxidation of rocks under the action of oxygen and carbon dioxide in water, water, and air. It dissolved soluble minerals in the rock gradually, lost or seeped to the lower crust of the weathering crust, and could be deposited again under the new environment. Types of chemical weather