分离工程答案（Separation engineering）.doc

分离工程答案（Separation engineering） The separation process of equilibrium separation process: according to the principle: when the system is in equilibrium when the material in different phases (gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid etc.) in different concentration and separation, such as distillation, absorption, extraction, adsorption and crystallization rate; separation process: according to the molecules under the action of external force and different migration rate to achieve separation, such as membrane separation, electrophoresis; field separation process: to achieve separation according to different field of objects, such as gravity, electric field and magnetic field; mechanical separation process, and realize the separation of objects according to different particle sizes, such as sieving and filtering etc.. In accordance with the selection criteria of separation process: the value of the product; the product quality, specifications, form (concentration, purity, crystal type); the material composition; the product in the production process, the position (the order is reasonable, step less); the physical properties (solubility, charge, size, functional group. Stability, volatile, toxic danger); the scale of production, technical and economic comparison of different separation methods; the waste treatment (BOD, COD, bacteria, toxic substances). Separation efficiency evaluation: from the separation method and device point of view: separation capacity, separation speed and resolution; from the product point of view: concentration ratio, purification degree, recovery rate. By physical fragmentation disadvantages: A, high energy, high temperature, high noise, high shear stress (four), make the product easy to denaturation; B, non specificity, intracellular product release, difficult separation and purification; C, cell debris size, difficult to separate. Disadvantages of chemical fragmentation: A, high cost; B, causing new pollution, especially other chemical methods;