第1章 金属的晶体结构（The first chapter is about the crystal structure of metal）.doc

第1章 金属的晶体结构（The first chapter is about the crystal structure of metal） Introduction Metallograpy is the relationship between composition, organization, structure and mechanical properties of metals and alloys of science. The mechanical properties mainly refers to material strength, hardness and plasticity. Usually the loading parts require materials with good mechanical properties, we call this kind of material for structural materials. Another kind of material and corresponding structural materials are functional materials, it is generally not required to bear the load, the main use of its physical properties, such as optical, electrical and magnetic properties, etc.. Functional materials use it sensitive to light, the production of various types of electric and magnetic sensor. Metallograpy only discuss the mechanical properties of metal materials, does not involve physical properties. Solid metal is usually the smallest structural unit of metal crystal, study the atom. Atomic through different arrangement can form crystal structure different, have different performance. The category is not the study of metal atomic structure. The first chapter of the crystal structure of metal 1-1 metal and metal bond The metal is defined according to different disciplines have a variety of classification methods. I tend to bond the classified nature, which is a kind of material with metal metal bond. The advantage of this classification is to explain related phenomena and mechanical properties of metals. For example, why metals have good plasticity? What is the metal bond, ionic bond and covalent bond we already know, the biggest characteristic of metal bond is no saturation, no direction. We will see later, it is these characteristics that metal has better plasticity. Research shows that the solid metal is usually the crystal, and the structure tends to close packed structure. This is why? Below we illustrated with double atom model. When the two atoms are far apart, they are n