常用液体张力计算（The commonly used liquid tension calculation）.docVIP

常用液体张力计算（The commonly used liquid tension calculation） The water used for injection is contraindicated and is directly entered by the vein. Because of its absence of osmotic tension, the input vein can cause RBC to expand and rupture and cause acute hemolysis. (1) non electrolyte solution: commonly used with 5%GS and 10%GS, the main supply of water (evaporation by breathing, skin (not dominant loss) and urinary loss) and the supply of heat, and can correct the humoral hyperosmolay, but not with the supplement of fluid loss. 5%GS isotonic solution, hypertonic solution for 10%GS, but soon after in vivo infusion of glucose is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water, while the supply of energy, or converted into glycogen stored in liver and muscle cells, can not afford to maintain the plasma osmotic pressure effect. (Note: 10%GS provides more heat than 5%GS, although its osmotic pressure is 1 times higher than 5%GS, such as by intravenous drip, Glucose is rapidly diluted and metabolized by the blood, and its effect is similar to that of 5%GS. The Glucose input speed should be kept at 0.5-0.85g/kg*h, i.e. 8-14mg/kg*min (2) electrolyte solution: many kinds, mainly used to supplement lost liquid (body fluid loss), electrolyte and correct acid and alkali imbalance, but can not use it to supplement, do not show the water that must be lost and discharged diluted urine. 1) saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride Solution): isotonic solution, often mixed with other liquids, the sodium and chlorine quantity is 154mmol/L, very close to the plasma concentration of 142mmol/L, and the ratio of chlorine plasma concentration (103mmol/L) high. Too much input can make the blood chlorine is too high, especially in severe dehydration acidosis or poor renal function, risk aggravating acid poisoning, the clinical often in 2 saline and 1 1.4%NaHCO3 mixture, the ratio of 3:2 and sodium chloride, and sodium chloride in plasma is similar. 2) hypertonic Sodium Chloride Solution: commonly used 3%NaCl and 10%