从为了创造财富到为了提高福利的创新概要.pptVIP

从为了创造财富到为了提高福利的创新From innovation for wealth creation to innovation for well-being 企业管理 李洋 From ‘more is better’ to ‘enough is enough’ For several centuries, human ‘progress’ has been seen essentially in terms of ‘more is better’, or perhaps more broadly in terms of ‘more, bigger and faster is better’: more money, more possessions, even more choices; bigger houses, bigger TVs; faster cars, computers and internet connections; and so on. We have all become victims of the tyranny of GDP, assuming that more wealth and more ‘stuff’ will result in improved well-being. 过去人们衡量人类社会进步的标准常常是“多多益善”：财富，选择越多越好；房子，电视越大越好；汽车，电脑，网速越快越好……政策取向也被经济增长，GDP等目标绑架。 However, research on well-being suggests that for subjective wellbeing, at least, this assumption may be only true up to a particular point, a certain level of income – the so-called ‘Easterlin paradox’ (Easterlin, 1974). Therefore, the political and economic agenda and, more fundamentally, our very notion of progress all need to change to reflect this. We likewise should shift the focus of our empirical work from innovation for wealthto innovation for well-being . 然而，人们通过研究发现，经济增长只有在一定范围内才能提高人们的主观福利水平，当人均GDP到达某个水平值后，经济增长对福利的促进作用就不怎么显著了，这就是有名的伊斯特林悖论（Easterlin,1974）。所以，创新研究需要转型，应更多的关注面向提高福利的创新。 幸福与收入具有正相关关系的观点在经济学领域乃至公共政策领域视为公理。主流经济学所谓收入“多多益善”的命题日益面临来自心理学、社会学、人口学等多学科的理论挑战, 并遭受大量的经济社会实际情况的质疑。理查德·伊斯特林提出的“伊斯特林悖论”开创了幸福经济学分支。 “伊斯特林悖论”又称为“幸福-收入之谜”或“幸福悖论”。是在1974年他的著作《经济增长可以在多大程度上提高人们的快乐》中提出。 人均收入的高低同平均快乐水平之间没有明显的关系。 The level of per capita income between the average level of happiness with no apparent relationship. 在收入达到某一点以前，快乐随收入增长而增长，但超过那一点后，这种关系却并不明显。 Before income reaches a certain point, happy with income growth, but more than, this relationship is not obvious. 在任何一个国家内部，人们的平均收入和平均快乐之间也没有明显的关系，包括文化特征在内的许多其他因素会影响快乐。 Within any one country, there is no obvious relationship between average income and average happiness of people, including many other factors, including cultural characteristics can affect happiness. 伊斯特林悖