初中动词分类概要.ppt

初中英语语法 动词的概述 2. 现在分词的构成 3. 过去式和过去分词的构成 (1)规则变化 Ⅱ. 动词的种类 动词分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词 1．实义动词又名行为动词，能独立作谓语。 可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)及物动词(vt.) 及物动词后面要跟宾语才使能句子语意完整。如love, need, want等。 I bought some books yesterday. 我昨天买了一些书。 I want some water. He put the letter under his pillow. You can borrow one book. I forget your name. (2)不及物动词(vi.) ①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不须接宾语。 He always studies hard. 他一直学习努力。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词) It rains. 下雨了。 ②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。I live in Beijing. ③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词) She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词) 2．连系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。 (1)表示主语状态的系动词只有be (am, is, are, was, were)； He is a teacher. They were very angry. (2)表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep, stay, remain, stand等； He always kept silent at meeting. They stay at home. (3)表示“看起来像”的系动词有look, seem, appear等； He seems very sad. It looked as if they like each other. (4)表示感觉的系动词有feel, smell, sound, taste； This flowers smells very sweet. This kind of cloth feels very soft. (5)表变化系动词有become, get, grow, turn等。 He became mad after his son died. She grew rich . 3．助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它必须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will和shall等。 She is making a snowman. Are you waiting for the bus? Jenny was studying in Japan last year. Do you know America well? Monica doesn’t live here. Did Bob call you yesterday? We hadn’t walked far when we lost our way. You haven’t been abroad before. 4．情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 (1)can(could) ①表能力，“能够、能、会”，could表过去的能力。can与be able to 的基本意义相同。 We can talk about this matter later. She could play the piano at the age of 3. Will you be able to read the letter tomorrow. ②表可能性。 ③表许可。“请求许可”、“给予许可”、“陈述许可” 。 You can’t smoke here. ④can’t 表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。 ⑤could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。 Could I use your phone? (2