名词从句讲义概要.docVIP

第四讲 名词性从句 知识点拨 宾语从句（Object Clause） 问题一：与“说”相关的动词后面的宾语从句如何构成？ 同学们在初中阶段时就开始接触宾语从句了。当将一个直接引语转为间接引语时，就是在构造一个与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句了。在直接引语向间接引语转化的过程中，应就不同的句型类别进行不同的处理。而不同的句型类别都应根据转述者和转述时间对宾语从句中的人称、时态及状语作相应的调整。 陈述句: 不需调整语序，只要对人称，时态或状语作一定的变化即可。通常，若主句中的动词为过去时，则从句中的时态也要相应后退一格。但如从句部分是客观真理，时态则务须变化。如： the grapes, he said, “The grapes are sour.” → When the fox could not reach the grapes, he said that the grapes were sour. ②She said, “Necessity is the mother of invention” →She said that necessity is the mother of invention. 疑问句：可分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两类。 一般疑问句: 转为if 或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句，且调整为陈述句语序，即主谓宾的顺序。有时可用或whether … or not的结构。如：“Do you want to insure your luggage or not?” he asked. →He asked whether (or not) I wanted to insure my luggage. ⑵ 特殊疑问句：保留原有的疑问词，且调整为陈述句语序。但当疑问词即是句子中的主语，则无需变换语序。如： “” asked John. → John asked me how I was getting along with my English study. He asked, “What caused the accident?” → He asked what had caused the accident. 祈使句: 可不再转为宾语从句，而是用“命令性动词 + 人称代词（宾格）/名词 + 不定式”的结构来表达相近的意思。如： “Keep a record of your expenses.” →I asked / told / requested him to keep a record of his expenses. 感叹句：可保留感叹词，也可转化为“陈述句 + 修饰词”的结构。如： “What a silly boy you are!” →She told him what a silly boy he was. 特殊结构：可根据句子的意思作灵活的变通。如： “” said my friends, “there has been a lot of stealing from cars.” → My friends warned me not to leave my car unlocked as there had been a lot of stealing from cars. British poet P.B.Shelly said, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” →British poet P.B.Shelly said that spring can’t be far behind if winter came. 问题二：其它动词后面的宾语从句如何构成？ 掌握了与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句的构成，其它动词后的宾语从句也就不难理解了。 须注意两类动词： 1. 表示说话者认知的动词：know, believe, think, explain, guess, hope, agree, understand, realize, suppose, expect 等动词后既可以跟that 引导的陈述分句作宾语，that常被省略；又可以跟疑问分句。如： ’s what. ② A straw shows which way the wind blows. 值得注意的是： 有些表示猜想的动词后的从句中的否定式通常前移至主句中。如： I don’t think 反意疑问句通常是对复合句中的主句发问，但若主句为I think／believe／suppose时, 则对从句发问。如： I think you’ll come to the meeting, won’t you? ⑶ 回答对think，believe，gue