基于VHDL的FIR滤波器设计概要.doc

摘要能满足器对幅度和相位特性的严格要求，避免模拟滤波器所无法克服的电压漂移、温度漂移和噪声等问题关键词： ABSTRACT As the rapid development of electronic technique, filter has become an important device when people use for communication and deal with all kinds of signals. At the same time, with the quick development of electronic industrial technique, filter has already changed from analog filter time to digital filter time, and with a situation that the latter substitute for the former. This dissertation correspond to technological developing, bat around and design a FIR digital filter based on VHDL which is a basic component in digital signal dealing system. It can assure arbitrary amplitude-frequency characteristic, strictly Linear phase frequency characteristics and its unit sample response is finite. Its characteristic is to content filters strict demands with range and phase characteristic and devoid problems of voltage drift, temperature drift, and noise that are beyond analog filters ability. Take FPGA device and VHDL languages character into account and combine with MATLAB mathematical tool software, the papers aim is to achieve FIR filters functional simulation, Programs edits and compiling and its final functions realizing. Key words：FPGA, VHDL, MATLAB, FIR filter 目录 第1章 引 言 1 1.1 研究背景及课题意义 1 1.1.1 数字滤波器 1 1.1.2 FIR滤波器 1 1.1.3 FIR滤波器的现状 2 1.2 国内外研究现状及研究成果 2 1.2.1 FIR滤波器国内外的研究现状 2 1.2.2 FIR滤波器目前的研究成果 3 1.3 本论文实现的基本要求 3 第2章 FIR滤波器的硬件方案 5 2.1 FIR滤波器的硬件方案 5 2.1.1概述 5 2.1.2硬件方案比较与选择 5 2.1.2硬件方案的确定 8 2.2 FPGA简介 8 2.2.1 FPGA的背景 8 2.2.2 FPGA的工作原理及内部结构图 9 第3章FIR滤波器的软件算法实现 10 3.1 FIR数字滤波器概述 10 3.1.1 FIR数字滤波器的数学模型 10 3.1.2 FIR数学滤波器的结构 10 3.2 FIR数字滤波器的方案论证 11 3.2.1 方案分析 11 3.2.2 FIR数字滤波器的最终方案 13 3.3 FIR滤波器的具体实现 14 3.3.1移位寄存器的实现 14 3.3.2 8位乘法器的实现 15 3.3.3 加法树的实现 15 3.3.4 总控制器的实现 17 3.5 FIR滤波器的最终实现 17 第4章FIR滤波器的性能与误差分析 19 4.1 使用MATLAB仿真的过程 19 4.1.1使用Matlab 中的FDAtool 设计滤波器 20 4.2利用Matlab 产生噪声信号用于滤波器测试 21 第5章 结束语 23 致 谢 24 参考文献 25 附 录 1 FIR滤波器的VHDL程序 26 附 录 2 MATLAB仿真程序 31 第章 1.1 研究背景及课题意义 1.1.1 数字滤波器 数字滤波器是数字信号处理的重要