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大学基础化学复习提要（The university chemistry review basic summary）.doc

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大学基础化学复习提要（The university chemistry review basic summary）

大学基础化学复习提要（The university chemistry review basic summary） A review of basic chemistry in Universities ------------------------------------ The main content of the course 1. basic principles of Chemistry * thermochemistry * chemical equilibrium * rate of chemical reaction 2. principles and applications of chemical equilibrium * acid-base equilibrium and acid-base titration * Precipitation balance * oxidation reduction equilibria and titrations * combined equilibrium and complexometric titration 3. material structure * atomic structure * molecular structure 4. element chemistry * properties of nonmetallic elements and compounds * properties of transition elements and compounds ---------------------------------------- Basic exam questions Judgment questions, choice questions, filling questions and calculation questions The first chapter focuses on the content of thermochemistry: State and state functions Calculation Watch out: 1, thermodynamic standard state: at P theta (101325Pa) pressure, ideal gas, liquid and solid pure substance, 1mol * L-1 concentration solution. 2, when understanding, the most stable single element means: C (graphite), Cl2 (g), Br2 (L), I2 (s), etc.. 3, 1) Gasss law: Thermochemical equations are added and reduced, and corresponding reductions are also added. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of NaCl (s) is -770.8kJ = mol-1 when the Na+ (g), +Cl- (g) = NaCl (s) = -770.8kJ = mol-1 is given in example 1 and 298.15K. (x) Standard molar enthalpy of reaction: the enthalpy of formation of 1mol compounds from the most stable elements. In this case, Na+ (g) +Cl- (g) is not the most stable single substance. Example 2, reaction Na2O (s) + I2 (g), -2NaI (s) + O2 (g) is (C) (A) 2 (NaI, s) - (Na2O, s) (B) (NaI, s) - (Na2O, s) - (I2, g) (C) 2 (NaI, s) - (Na2O, s) - (I2, g) (D) (NaI, s) - (Na2O, s) Example 3, known Zn (s) + O2 (g) = ZnO (s), 1=, -351.5, kJ, mol-1 (1) Hg (L) + O2 (g) = HgO (s), 2=-90.8, kJ, mol-1 (2) Zn (s) + HgO (s) = ZnO (s) + Hg (L) (3)