小儿骨科（Pediatric department of orthopedics）.doc

小儿骨科（Pediatric department of orthopedics） [pediatric department of orthopedics basic and clinical examination questions Congenital dislocation of the hip, clubfoot, torticollis, multiple fingers (toes) deformity, finger deformities, congenital tibial pseudo joint, sequelae of cerebral palsy, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, valgus knees Interpretation of nouns: CDH and DDH CDH, congenital, dislocation, of, the, hip congenital dislocation of the hip, refers to congenital dislocation of the hip joint DDH, developmental, dysplasia, of, the, hip, developmental dislocation of the hip, dislocation of the hip with increasing development At present, the concept of developmental dislocation of the hip is preferred. ------------------------------------------ What are the main pathological features of congenital dislocation of hip joint? : The femoral neck is short, the neck of femur becomes thicker, the anteversion angle of femoral neck increases, and it can be increased to 45 degrees or even 90 degrees. The femoral head becomes irregular ellipse, with compression sign, degeneration and desquamation of articular cartilage, central epiphysis of femur head and growth retardation. The round ligament is elongated, widened and fleshy, and some patients are lost to one piece of joint capsule. The joint capsule is elongated and loose, and the joint capsule is shaped like a gourd. The acetabular fossa smaller takes the shape of a slope, the acetabular index increased; acetabulum oval, triangular, acetabular upward and forward rotation; in the defect area above the anterior acetabular labrum increased; involute; acetabulum fat hyperplasia. 6 the adductor muscle of the psoas muscle is tense and contracture, which oppresses the entrance of the acetabulum; ------------------------------------------ How can the developmental dislocation of the hip be classified? 1 、 simple congenital dislocation of hip (1) hip dysplasia: also known as hip instability, often with acetabular index i