中学阶段常见气体的工业制法和实验室制法归纳（The industrial and laboratory methods for common gases in secondary schools are summarized）.doc

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中学阶段常见气体的工业制法和实验室制法归纳（The industrial and laboratory methods for common gases in secondary schools are summarized）.doc

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中学阶段常见气体的工业制法和实验室制法归纳（The industrial and laboratory methods for common gases in secondary schools are summarized）

中学阶段常见气体的工业制法和实验室制法归纳（The industrial and laboratory methods for common gases in secondary schools are summarized） 1. hydrogen (1) industrial law: Water gas method: (reducing water vapor at high temperature) Elemental + compound compound + elementary substance: C+H2O (g) CO+H2; Compound + compound compound + elementary substance: CO+, H2O (g) CO2+H2 By-product of chlor alkali industry: (electrolyzed saturated salt water) +H2 = Cl2 = A+B+C:2NaCl+2H2O2NaOH + solution, (2) laboratory method: Substitution reaction of metal with non oxidizing strong acid: Elemental compounds: Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2 + + elemental arrows Replacement reaction of metal with strong base solution: Elemental compounds: 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2 + + elemental arrows, 2. ethylene (1) industrial law: Ethylene production by petroleum cracking: high carbon alkane, low carbon alkane + low carbon olefin: C4H10C2H6+C2H4; C8H18C6H14+C2H4 (2) laboratory method: Ethanol elimination reaction: CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 = +H2O 3. acetylene (1) industrial law: Coke is obtained by carbonization of coal, calcined limestone is used to produce lime, and lime and coke are reacted in the high temperature arc furnace to produce calcium carbide and carbon monoxide. Calcium carbide and saturated salt water react to produce mature lime and acetylene. CaC2+CO = 3C+CaO; 2+C2H2 = CaC2+2H2OCa (OH) (2) laboratory method: calcium carbide hydrolysis method: CaC2+2H2OCa (OH) = 2+C2H2 4. carbon monoxide (1) industrial law: Water gas method: (reducing water vapor at high temperature) Elemental + compound compound + elementary substance: C+H2O (g) CO+H2; The reduction of coke (industrial by-product silica prepared crude silicon): = 2C+SiO2Si+2CO The industrial by-product calcium carbide preparation: CaC2+CO = 3C+CaO; (2) laboratory method: The oxalic acid decomposition method: H2C2O4 CO = +CO2 = +H2O; mixed gas carbon monoxide by alkali lime. The acid decomposition method: HCOOH CO = +H2O 5. carbon dioxide (1) industrial law: The high temperat