马哲知识点及习题（Knowledge and exercises in Ma Zhe）.doc

马哲知识点及习题（Knowledge and exercises in Ma Zhe） A common philosophy 1. of Marxs Philosophy (1) the essential feature of Marxs philosophy. Marxs philosophy is the unity of revolutionary and scientific practice based. (2) the identity of the material world. The origin of the world is the material. Lenin defines a complete and classic material: material is a sign of philosophical category of objective reality, the objective reality is perceived by sense it does not depend on our sense of existence, for our feelings, and reflect the photographic copy. The material is not dependent on consciousness, and consciousness can be reflected in objective reality, the only feature material is the objective reality. (3) the existence form of material. The movement is the fundamental attribute of matter and form. The material is the movement of the material, from the movement of the material does not exist. The movement is universal and absolute. The movement is not accidental external properties of substances not essential, but the basic attribute of material inherent. The motion is the motion of matter, from the motion of matter does not exist. Marxs philosophy in revealing the absolute motion of material at the same time, do not deny that the material has a relatively static state. Everything is the unity of absolute motion and relative static. The movement is eternal, unconditional, it is absolute, static is temporary, conditional, and hence relative. (4) the existing mode of material. Time and space is the mode of existence of matter. Physical exercise is in time and space, time and space is the existence of material movement. 2. idealist philosophy Two basic forms of idealism, namely subjective idealism and objective idealism. (1) the main feature is the subjective spirit of subjective idealism (human feeling, experience and ideas, will, etc.) as the origin of the world, the objective things and the whole material world is a product of the subjective spirit. Subjective idealism w