路桥知识（Luqiao knowledge）.docVIP

路桥知识（Luqiao knowledge） The Luqiao project according to the structure can be divided into: subgrade, pavement, bridges, culverts, tunnels, drainage, protection, greening, traffic engineering, electrical and mechanical engineering etc.. As divided by the unit engineering specifications: subgrade engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, interchange engineering, tunnel engineering, environmental engineering, traffic safety facilities, electrical engineering, building engineering (Note: the bridge engineering in the construction of housing, for example, toll stations, service area) Basic knowledge of highway engineering cost Preparation of construction project cost, generally refers to the process by making all kinds of documents on the price of project cost estimates and determined in advance. According to the preparation phase, establishment basis, and the purpose of construction is different, can be divided into the construction project investment estimation design budgetary estimate and construction drawing budget, bidding, construction budget, project settlement and completion accounting. 1, investment estimation: Estimated investment refers to the project proposal and feasibility study stage, the construction unit or its entrusted consulting agencies according to the project proposals, estimating index and similar engineering information required for the investment project pre calculation and determine the process. Investment estimation is the main basis for decision-making, financing and cost control. 2, design Design is an important part of the design documents, is in control of the investment estimate by the design unit according to the preliminary design (or design) drawings and instructions, and fixed budget budget measures, material and equipment price data preparation and determination of the construction project from planning to delivery required the full cost of file. Generally speaking, is roughly according to the design requirements of project