【地理】向斜与背斜（Syncline and anticline）.docVIP

【地理】向斜与背斜（Syncline and anticline） fold Intense collision and horizontal compression cause the sedimentary rock to bend and form folds, often forming large fold mountains. Fold has two basic forms, the middle sag is called syncline, and the uplift in the middle is called anticline. Anticline (anticline) One of the basic forms of fold folds, and syncline. The shape of an anticline is generally bent upward. The anticlinal syncline is tilted outward from the center, the core part is the old rock layer, and the two wings are new strata (which is the fundamental difference between them and the syncline). Topographic features: the top of the anticline is affected by tension, the lithology is fragile, vulnerable to erosion, and the valley is formed under the action of external force. The syncline is opposite to the anticline, and the bottom rock is hard, easy to erode and easy to accept. Anticline under external force has become the valley of syncline under external force instead of the mountain, this is termed a topographic inversion, is typical of the external force. Engineering application: Anticline is often a good oil and gas bearing structure. The anticline is suitable for tunnel construction. Coal, oil and so on are formed by geological evolution of tens of thousands of years, closely related to the new and old strata. Some sedimentary layers containing oil and gas have been deformed by great pressure, and the oil has gone into the anticline to form an enrichment area. Therefore, anticline structures are often warehouses for petroleum storage, which are called oil storage structures in petroleum geology. Usually, because of the lowest density of natural gas, the oil is in the middle of the anticline and the lower part is water. Looking for oil and gas resources is to find such a place first. There are many types of geological structures that form petroleum traps (oil, trap). The first type is called anticline traps (anticline trap), shape such as hole shape, natural