4-_-Volume-targeted-ventilation-monitoring课件.pptVIP

Low Pressure alarm Indicates when a minimum pressure is not reached Possible causes Circuit leak Improving lung characteristics Patient effort High pressure alarm Alarms and cycles ventilator to exhalation when alarm pressure is reached Is a safety alarm to prevent barotrauma Possible causes Deteriorating lung characteristics Coughing Tracheal tube obstruction Mucous plug Patient biting Miscellaneous alarms Other alarms include Ventilator failure Source gas failure FiO2 * Module 4 - VC Monitoring Volume Control (VC) Monitored Values Volume targeted Ventilation VC Monitored Values Monitoring a ventilated patient includes monitoring and evaluation of: Measurement of set parameters Eg: VT Measurement of results of ventilation Eg: PPEAK Calculation of values Eg: compliance (C) and resistance (R) Patient overall condition Eg: ECG, BP, ABGs etc. Monitoring Set Values Monitor to ensure patient is receiving set parameters VT If lower than set, may have circuit leak If higher, patient may be breathing in more than set May need to readjust ventilator settings FiO2 – use an oxygen analyzer PEEP Measured Values Measured Values Peak pressure PPEAK Plateau pressure PPLAT Mean airway pressure PMEAN Expiratory pause pressure (auto-PEEP) Respiratory rate RR Minute volume VE Inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) ratio Question What will cause these pressures to increase? PPEAK PPLAT PMEAN Expiratory pause pressure (auto-PEEP) Plateau Pressure (PPLAT) Pressure measured at the end of an inspiratory pause Measured during breath hold when there is no flow No pressure due to resistance Pressure is equal to alveolar pressure Plateau pressure is a result of Compliance (↑ or ↓) Volume (↑ or ↓) PPEAK PPLAT Peak Pressure (PPEAK ) Highest pressure reached during inspiration Normally occurs at the end of active inspiration (during flow) Pressure is the result of: Compliance (↑ or ↓) Volume (↑ or ↓) Flow (↑ or ↓) Resistance (↑ or ↓) Mean Airway Pressure (PMEAN) Measured as the area under the