神经生物概要总结（Summary of Neurobiology）.docVIP

神经生物概要总结（Summary of Neurobiology） Introduction The history of the development of science and scientists neural key contribution In 1810, Scotland physician Charles Bell and French physiologist Francois Megendie made the dorsal ventral root cut experiment. That body is a mixture containing nerve sensory and motor fibers. Study on the method of neural science 1, morphological method (a) tract tracing method (two) immunohistochemical method (three) by in situ hybridization (four) receptor localization method Methods 2, physiological (a) determination of neurotransmitter release (two) determination of neurotransmitter function (three) behavioral methods 3, electrophysiological method (a) inside and outside the cell electrophysiological recording (two) the voltage clamp and clamp (three) EEG and evoked potential recording 4, biochemistry (a) application of chromatographic separation technology (two) radioimmunoassay (three) receptor radioligand assay method (four) determination of biological molecules by Western blot 5, the method of molecular biology (a) molecular cloning gene (two) the research of transcription regulation (three) the separation of gene mutation and genetic disease. 6, brain imaging The neuron doctrine: neuron is the basic function unit of neural tissue, the axons of neurons is not connected, they not connected by contact information. (Cajal) The morphology and classification of neurons 1. form: Soma (rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, Golgi) The axon (axis dome, axon trunk, axon terminals (dendritic) accept the axon terminals of the synaptic input information, a dendritic spine). 2. classification According to the number of neurites: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar neurons There are no spines, dendrites by: spiny neurons According to the functional connectivity of primary sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons in the cloud Effect: inhibitory and excitatory neurons Classification: cholinergic neurotransmitters, am