专四语法重点分析.docVIP

不定式做状语主要表示目的、程度、结果、方式。 　　(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)结构引导目的状语，so as to不能置于句首。如： 　　(2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to结构做程度状语。如： 　　The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together. 　　The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed. 　　(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。 　　常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如： 　　Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked. 　　(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义。如： I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。 下面是不定式做定语的用法： 　　(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：the first woman to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性。 　　(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： 　　tendency to do→tend to do, decision to do→decide to do 　　This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used. 　　(3)如果其形容词形式要求接不定式做补语，相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： 　　ambition to do “干……的雄心”→be ambitious to do“有雄心干……” 　　curiosity to do “对……的好奇心”→be curious to do“对……好奇” 　　ability to do“做……的能力”→able to do“有能力做……” 　　According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation. 　　(4)表示方式、原因、时间、机会、权利等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包括： 　　way, method, reason, time, place, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (运动)，effort等。如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. 　　We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem. 　　(5)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot习惯上用不定式做定语。如： 　　Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. 下面是形容词和副词的用法介绍： 　　修饰词的词序 　　“限定词+形容词+名词”词组中限定词+形容词的排列顺序。 　　限定词 + 一般描述性形容词 + 表示大小、形状的形容词