WGS84与ITRF之间的对应关系.pdf

What Datum Am I On James R. Clynch March 2006 I. The Basic Questions Because coordinates in different datums can differ by 100's of meters (or even a kilometer in the far east), it is important to know what datum you are on. There are usually two questions : What datum is my map or data base on? What datum is my navigation system or survey on? Clearly if the answer is the same, the map/data base and the position sensor can work together. Ships have gone aground when this was not so. Today we are moving to the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and electronic charts and maps. However there are still plenty of paper maps around. And even electronic charts directly connected or integrated with GPS do not guaranteed that we are not making a datum error - combining material from two or more datums. This note will try and shed some light on what datum (or datums) you are using. II. Map Datums - Paper and Electronic The data base of a map is usually listed in the legend of the map. In fact there are is usually both a horizontal and vertical datum listed. Today it is not uncommon to see two horizontal datums listed, one for the original map and one for some overprinting. This is how USGS has updated a lot of topographical maps from NAD27 to NAD83. But you have to read the legend carefully to notice this. In fact there are quite a few military maps issued by NIMA that use the same technique. The military maps of the Balkans distributed in the mid 1990's were on the European Datum of 1950 with annotations in the legends on how to shift the positions to WGS 84. For computer data files the issue is much more difficult. The data from the legends of the maps is usually preserved, but often not displayed. If the map is simply scanned as an image the legend is there, but the da