我国食品安全治理工具多元化探索.doc

我国食品安全治理工具多元化探索摘 要：近年来频繁发生的食品安全事件表明，单一的政府监管的模式已无法满足新形势下食品安全治理的需要，治理工具的多元化是解决我国食品安全问题的有效途径。我国各级食品安全职能部门正在引入并尝试使用新的治理工具，但受到各种因素的制约而进展缓慢。民营化、合同外包、社区治理、行业协会自治等效果较强的治理工具，急需重点研究并适时做出相机抉择。 关键词：食品安全治理；民营化；合同外包；社区治理；行业协会自治 中图分类号：C939 文献标识码：A 文章编号：10035192(2012)03001306 The Exploration on Diversification of Governmental Administration Tools Based on China Domestic Food Safety Administration WANG Xiaobo, AN Hongwu (School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China) Abstract:An increased incidence of food safety cases in recent years has demonstrated that a single government regulation pattern no longer meets the need of food safety administration under new circumstances, and that the diversification of administrative tools appears to be an effective way to solve our national problems in food quality. Food safety functional departments at all levels in China are introducing and attempting to use new management tools, but process is held back due to the restriction of various factors. Those administration tools with strong effects, including privatization, contract outsourcing, community governance, and autonomy within trade associations, are in great need of focused studies and hence, discretionary decisions should be made. Key words:food safety administration; privatization; contract outsourcing; community governance; autonomy within trade associations 1 引言 传统理论认为，政府监管是食品安全治理的主导力量。但是，近年来频繁发生的食品安全事件表明，单一的政府监管模式已经无法满足新形势下的食品安全治理的需要。形成于上世纪70年代的公共治理理论认为，应当摆脱政府与市场的狭隘单一理性，以建立政府、市场、公民社会三者相互依赖与多元合作的公共事务治理模式［1］。而新治理范式则将关注的焦点引入到通过政府工具的广泛运用来解决公共问题上来，即强调政府、私营部门、第三部门等社会主体通过工具的选择和应用来进行有效的治理，籍此有助于考察治理手段实际运用的公共生态。在面对扩大选择范围和众多潜在资源可供利用时，政府工具的广泛运用也极大地丰富了食品安全问题的解决途径。此外，政府在食品安全管理中所提供的产品或服务并非都满足非竞争性和非排他性的严格标准，这也催生了对食品安全治理工具的多元化需求。 1