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全球变化生物学课程作业分析
Tropical forests and global warming:slowing it down or speeding it up? Why is atmospheric CO2 increasing? Net C emitted by tropical deforestation Tropical forest C balance Evidence from the atmosphere A research agenda SUMMARY Why is atmospheric CO2 increasing? Net C emitted by tropical deforestation It is easy to see how difficult it is to estimate this flux. No one has actually measured the C content of even one hectare of tropical forest. To do this, one would have to harvest, dry, and weigh hundreds of trees, vines, epiphytes, and other plants, including their roots, as well as all the dead wood and litter, and then analyze many soil samples from multiple depths. Instead, researchers use shortcuts such as empirical relationships between tree biomass and diameter, derived by laboriously harvesting and weighing a sample of trees at a few sites. For each time interval, national deforestation statistics or satellite images are used to estimate how much area of each vegetation type was affected by human activities. Then estimates must be made of how much biomass was burned or removed in logging, how much was left to decompose, and how fast it decomposes. There are other, potentially large changes in C stocks that are poorly quantified to date. Not surprisingly, the various estimates of total net C flux from tropical land-use change vary widely and are all highly uncertain. Tropical forest C balance Our current understanding of plant ecophysiology indicates opposite ways that ongoing atmospheric and climate changes could be altering the tropical forest C balance. Global warming might be expected to have strong negative impacts on the C balance of these already warm forests. Respiration by plants and microbes increases exponentially with temperature. In contrast, photosynthesis increases with rising temperature to a peak rate (at the photosynthetic optimum temperature) and then declines rapidly. We know very little about th
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