函数Function分析.ppt

Qiong Chen, South China University of Technology Qiong Chen, South China University of Technology * Section 1.8 Function * Definition 1 Let A and B be sets. A function f from A to B is an assignment of exactly one element of B to each element of A. We write f(a)=b if b is the unique element of B assigned by the function f to the element a of A. If f is a function from A to B,we write f : A?B * Definition 1 Let A and B be sets. A function (mapping, map) f from A to B, denoted f :A? B, is a subset of A?B such that x[x ?A?$y[y ?Bù ( x, y )? f ]] and [( x, y1)? f ù ( x, y2 )? f ]? y1 = y2 Note: f associates with each x in A one and only one y in B. * Definition 2 A is called the domain and B is called the codomain. If f(x) = y ? y is called the image of x under f ? x is called a preimage of y (note there may be more than one preimage of y but there is only one image of x). The range of f is the set of all images of points in A under f. We denote it by f(A). If f is a function from A to B,we say that f maps A to B. * x1 x2 x3 y1 y2 Y y3 X Example 1 f(x1) = y1 ? the image of x3 is y2 ? the domain of f is X = {x1, x2, x3} ? the codomain is Y = {y1, y2, y3} ? f(X) = {y1, y2} ? the preimage of y1 is x1 ? the preimages of y2 are x2 and x3 ? f({x2, x3 }) = {y2} * Definition 3 Let f1 and f2 be function from A to R. Then f1 + f2 and f1 f2 are also functions from A to R defined by (f1 + f2 )(x) = f1(x) + f2(x), (f1 f2)(x) = f1(x) f2(x). * Definition 4 Let f be a function from the set A to the set B and let S be a subset of A.The image of S is the subset of B that consists of the images of the elements of S.We denote the images of S by f(S) , so that f(S) = {f(s) | s in S}. * x1 x2 x3 y1 y2 Y y3 X y4 One-to-one Injections(单射） Let f be a function from A to B. Definition 4 f is one-to-one (denoted 1-1) or injective if preimages are unique. Note: this means that if a 1 b then f(a) 1 f(b). * Example 2 Determine whether the func