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关系词在定语从句中的运用.doc
关系词在定语从句中的运用
在复合句中修饰名词、代词,并由关系代词或关系副词所引导的从句叫定语从句,掌握定语从句的关键在关系词.为帮助广大中学生更好地掌握关系词的用法,笔者特作以下整理归纳。
一、关系代词的用法:引导定语从句的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that
1.who和whom
(1)who主格,代替人,即它的先行词必须是人,在从句中做主语. whom 宾格,做宾语。
注:在从句中担任宾格的whom,当它的前面没有介词时,可用who 来代替.当它的前面有介词时,必须用宾格whom. 介词+ whom
例如: What’s the name of the girl who often tells jokes?(做从句主语,只能用who)
Mr Li is a man who/whom I have the greatest respect for.
(做宾语,可用who或 whom )
Mr Li is a man for whom I have the greatest respect .(前有介词,只能用whom )
2.whose既是who又是which的所有格,它既可以代人,也可以代物,相当于:of whom或者of which.例如:
He is a scientist whose inventions have won international prize.
= The man is a scientist,the inventions of whom won international prize.
I looked at the picture whose colour was golden.
= I looked at the picture,the colour of which was golden.
3. which和 that
which指物,不能指人;that指物,有时也可以指人
下列情况下,只能that用引导定语从句:
(1)先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词、all、no、any、few、little、last、only、one of、very等词修饰时:
例如:This is the best novel that I have read.(正)
This is the best novel which I have read.(误)
(2)先行词是all、everything、something、anything、nothing等不定代词时。
例如:Is there anything that you want to say?
(3)以who、which引出的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时。
例如:Who is the girl that was praised by her teacher?
Which is the bike that he lost?
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
例如:I don’t know the things and persons that they are talking about.
(5)有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,则另一个用that.
例如:Mr Zhang built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
下列情况下,只能用which引导定语从句。
(1)在非限制定语从句中。例如:
The watch ,which I bought last week,doesn’t work.
(2)当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如
Here is the English-English dictionary which,as I have told you,will help to improve your English.
(3)关系代词前有介词时。例如
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(4) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系词是that时.例如
Let me show you the magzine that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
(5)先行词本身是that时,例如:
The predicate is that which is said of
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