动词及动词语法分析.ppt

动词;动词; You do look well. Do come and join us . 主动词have通常用来协助主动词构成完成体： Joan has seen that movie. I have been working here for 20 years. b)情态助动词 情态助动词共有14个，其中包括一些过去时形式。它们can/could,may/might, will/would，shall/should,must,ought to,dare/dared,need,used to.情态动词表示情态意义，其过去时形式并不一定就表示过去时间。情态助动词不能重叠使用；随后的主动词无一例外地是不带to的不定式即动词原形。 例：It may snow before nightfall. Stainless steel will resist corrosion. Would you let me use your pen a minute? ; c)半助动词 半助动词指某些兼有主动词和助动词特征的语法结构，比如have to，seem to之类的结构既可与主动词搭配构成复杂动词词组并表示情态意义，从而像是情态助动词： I have to buy a new car. He seems to be disappointed. 又能与其他助动词搭配，像是主动词，而不完全像情态???动词： I dont have to buy a new car. You will have to sell your house. ; 2.及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词 . 按其是否必须跟有补足成分以及必须跟有什么样的补足 成分如宾语、补语、状语等，分为：及物动词 （transitive verb ），及物动词（transitive verb ），不及 物动词（intransitive verb ），连系动词（linking verb ）。 a）及物动词 及物动词后必须带宾语。 例：John is playing cricket. Mark researched his topic thoroughly. 有些及物动词可带双宾语，即间接宾语（Indirect object）和直接宾语（Direct Object）。 例：The new lamp gave us more light. Celeste paid me a compliment. ;; 但是，有些不及物动词在一定上下文中，其后须带状语，否则意义不完全。 例：Betty and Sue have lived in Atlanta since 1975. Frank cheats at poker. Daffodils bloom in early spring. The musician performs in Boston next mouth. c)连系动词 连系动词之后须带主语补语（Subject Complement）。 例：When did you become suspicious? That sounds like a good idea. The fish smells awful. 注意：以上三类动词的划分不是绝对的，许多动词都有跨类现象：在一种上下文中是及物动词，在另一种上下文中却是不及物动词或连系动词。 例：The fish is fresh from water.You dont have to smell it.（作及物动词) The milk is going bad.It smells.（作不及物动词） This dish smells delicious.（作连系动词）;; 2)表示改变或移动的动词，如arrive,become,change,come,get,go, grow,leave,reach,turn等。这类动词也是既可用于非进行体，也可以于进行体。 例：Winter is here.The leaves of the trees are turning yellow. I turned my head and saw the profile of a man. The weather is changing for the better. Shanghai has changed a lot in the past 30 years. 3)表示短暂动作的动词，如hit,jump,kick,knock,open/close(a door), put(something on the table),shut,take out等。这类动词可用一般现在时表示说话时正在进行的短暂动作，若用进行体则