国际贸易实务--第八讲分析.ppt

* The main points of this chapter 1 Methods of Stipulating Quality of Commodity 2 Quality Latitude Quality Tolerance 3How to express the quality terms in the contract Chapter 5 Quality of Commodity The quality of goods are indispensable to international trade. Whether it is visible trade or invisible trade, the goods sold have their own qualities, and the quality of a certain kind of goods determines, to a great degree, its market and price. Therefore, the quality of the goods is among the main terms upon which a sales contract is based and constructed. Introduction SECTION ONE METHODS OF STIPULATING QUALITY OF COMMODITY The methods of stipulating quality of commodity depend on the quality, character and the customary usage in practice. Usually, the contents of the quality terms include: the name, specification and brand. In international trade, there are two ways to indicate the quality of the goods either by description or by sample. Sale by Description（凭文字说明买卖） Sale by Sample（凭样品买卖） Quality of Commodity (1)Sale by specification, grade or standard（凭规格、等级、标准买卖） (2) Sale by brand name or trade mark（凭牌号或商标买卖） (3) Sale by name of origin（凭产地名卖） (4) Sale by description and illustration（凭说明书 和图样买卖） 1) Sale by the seller’s sample（凭卖方样品买卖） 2) Sale by the buyer’s sample（凭买方样品买卖） 3) Sale by the counter sample（凭对等样品买卖） 1.Sale by Description（凭文字说明买卖） (1) Sale by specification, grade or standard（凭规格、等级、标准买卖） The specification refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, etc. So it is the detailed description of the goods to be sold. 品质：饲料蚕豆，水份[最高]15%，杂质[最高]2%。 Quality: Feeding Broad-bean，Moisture [max]15%，Admixture[max]2%. Grey duck feather: down content 18% allowing 1% more or less 灰鸭毛，含绒量18%，允许上下浮动1% The grade refers to the classifications of the commodity of one kind which is indicated by words, numbers or symbols. The seller and buyer should reach t