生态规划过程详解——《生命景观(The Living Landscape)》述评.docVIP

生态规划过程详解——《生命景观(The Living Landscape)》述评 鐢熸€佽鍒掕繃绋嬭瑙ｂ€斺€斻€婄敓鍛界殑鏅銆嬭堪璇?1銆佺敓鎬佽鍒掓蹇靛強鍙戝睍杩囩▼ 銆€銆€浣曡皳鐢熸€佽鍒?鐢熸€佽鍒掑氨鏄滆繍鐢ㄧ敓鐗╁鍙婄ぞ浼氭枃鍖栦俊鎭紝灏辨櫙瑙傚埄鐢ㄧ殑鍐崇瓥鎻愬嚭鍙兘鐨勬満閬囧強绾︽潫銆傛垨鑰呭浼婃仼路楹﹀厠鍝堟牸瀹氫箟鐨勶紝鏌愪竴鍦板尯鍊熸鑰屽緱浠ュ湪娉曡鍙婃椂闂寸殑杩愪綔涓瑙ｈ涓轰竴涓敓鐗╃墿鐞嗗強绀句細杩囩▼銆傚畠涔熷彲浠ヨ鍐嶈В閲婁负灏变换浣曠壒瀹氱殑浜虹被浣跨敤鏂瑰紡鏄庣‘鍦版彁鍑洪潰涓寸殑鏈轰細涓庣害鏉燂紝璋冩煡鑳藉鎻ず鍑烘渶鍚堥€傜殑鍖轰綅鍜岃繃绋?鈥濄€?銆€銆€鑷伐涓氶潻鍛戒互鏉ワ紝浜虹被鍦ㄥ垱閫犺緣鐓岀墿璐ㄨ储瀵岀殑鍚屾椂锛岃祫婧愮幆澧冮棶棰樻棩鐩婄獊鍑猴紝宸茬粡濞佽儊鍒颁汉绫荤ぞ浼氱殑鐢熷瓨鍜屽彂灞曘€備簬鏄湪鍗佷節涓栫邯涓彾锛屼互寮楅浄寰烽噷鍏嬄峰姵路濂ュ鏂壒寰?(Frederick Law 0lmsted)銆佷箶娌宦风弨閲懧风帥甯?George Perikns Narsh)(1864)涓庡焹姣斿凹娉铰烽湇鍗庡痉(Ebenezer Howard)涓轰唬琛ㄧ殑瑙勫垝甯堝湪涓嶆柇鐨勫弽鎬濊繃绋嬩腑璁よ瘑鍒版櫙瑙傘€佺敓鎬佹槸涓€涓嚜鐒剁殑绯荤粺锛屽苟寮€濮嬩簡鐢熸€佽鍒掔殑鍒濇灏濊瘯銆備粠浜屽崄涓栫邯鍒濊嚦涓彾锛屽嚭鐜颁簡澶ч噺娑夊強寮€鏀剧┖闂寸郴缁熴€佸煄甯傚叕鍥強鍥藉鍏洯鐨勮鍒掋€傚湪鎬濇兂涓婏紝濂ュ皵澶毬峰埄濂ユ尝寰?Aldo Leopold)銆佽姃绂忓痉鍜屾湰椤柯烽害鍑?Benton Mackaye)绛変汉鍏堝悗鍊″浜嗚鍒掔殑鈥滅敓鎬佺悊璁衡€濄€傝€屽湪鎶€鏈笂锛屾矁浼β锋浖瀹?Warren Marnning)涓庢淳鐗归噷鍏嬄风洊杩柉(Patrick Geddes)绛変汉鍒欏垱閫犲苟鏀硅繘浜嗙敓鎬佽鍒掔殑鏂规硶銆傛鏃剁敓鎬佹€濇兂宸茬粡娓楀叆鍒拌鍒掗鍩燂紝涓鸿鍒掓敞鍏ヤ簡娲诲姏銆傚埌20涓栫邯70骞翠唬锛岀敓鎬佸拰鐜宸插緱鍒板ぇ浼楃殑骞挎硾鍏虫敞銆傛櫙瑙傝鍒掔殑浼︾悊鍩虹銆佸伐浣滅悊璁恒€佺悊蹇点€佹妧鏈瓑鏋勬垚鐨勮寖寮忎篃寰楀埌浜轰滑鐨勬櫘閬嶈鍚屻€傚叾涓紛鎭┞烽害鍏嬪搱鏍?Ian McHarg)绛夋洿鏄缓绔嬩簡鐢熸€佽鍒掓鏋讹紝鎴愪负浠ュ悗鐢熸€佽鍒掔殑涓€涓熀鏈濊矾銆傜洿鑷充粖鏃ワ紝鍦ㄦ棤鏁拌鍒掑伐浣滆€呯殑涓嶆噲鍔姏涓嬶紝鐢熸€佽鍒掑緱鍒颁簡鏇磋繘涓€姝ョ殑鍙戝睍銆傜洰鍓嶇敓鎬佽鍒掑凡鎴愪负涓栫晫鍚勫湴瑙勫垝鐮旂┒鐨勭儹鐐癸紝涓€绯诲垪涓撹憲涔熺浉缁ч棶涓栵紝銆奣he Living Landscape銆嬩究鏄叾涓竴閮ㄨ幏寰楅珮搴﹁瘎浠风殑钁椾綔銆?銆€銆€2銆佸紬闆峰痉閲屽厠路鏂潶绾冲拰銆奣he Living Landscape銆?銆€銆€銆奣he Living Landscape銆嬩竴涔︾殑浣滆€呮柉鍧︾撼鏁欐巿鍏锋湁涓板瘜鐨勬櫙瑙傝璁＄殑鐞嗚涓庡疄璺电粡楠岋紝鍙傚拰浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑绀惧尯涓庡尯鍩熻鍒掗」鐩傝涔︿粠瑙勫垝甯堝浣曞紑灞曠敓鎬佽鍒掋€佸簲浠庡摢浜涙柟闈㈠叆鎵嬭繘琛岀敓鎬佽鍒掑嚭鍙戯紝浠庣敓鎬佺幆澧冪殑瑙掑害锛屾€荤粨浜嗚鍒掓妧鏈拰瑙勫垝搴旂敤鐨勭粡楠屻€傝繖鏈湪浠婂ぉ涓庢湭鏉ラ兘瀹炵敤鐨勭敓鎬佽鍒掑姩鎵嬪唽锛屼粙缁嶄簡濡備綍浠庢棤鍒版湁鍦板紑灞曠敓鎬佽鍒掞紝浠ュ強濡備綍纭畾瑙勫垝闂銆佽鍒掔洰鏍囩殑姝ラ銆佹柟娉曚笌鍘熷垯銆傝繖鏈功杩樺寘鎷尯鍩熷昂搴︾殑鏅鍒嗘瀽銆佸湴鏂瑰昂搴︾殑鏅鍒嗘瀽銆佺粏鑺傚垎鏋愩€佽鍒掑尯鍩熸蹇靛強鏂规銆佹櫙瑙傝鍒掞紟绀惧尯鍙傚拰鍜屽競姘戞暀鑲层€佽璁℃柟妗堛€佽鍒掕璁＄殑瀹炴柦绛夊唴瀹癸紝浠ュ強娑夊強鍩庡競銆侀儕鍖恒€佷埂鏉戯紝鍥藉唴澶栫幆澧冪瓑鍚勬柟闈㈢殑20澶氫釜妗堜緥鐮旂┒銆傛澶栬繕鏈夎缁嗙殑宸ヤ綔娴佺▼銆佺幆澧冨奖鍝嶈瘎浠风殑璇︾粏璧勬枡鍙婂悇绉嶅垎鍖恒€佸湡鍦板埄鐢ㄧ瓑鏂归潰鐨勬帶鍒舵枃浠躲€?銆€銆€銆奣he Living Landscape銆嬫槸涓€鏈粡寰椾綇鏃堕棿鑰冮獙鐨勩€侀€備簬鑱屼笟璁捐甯堜娇鐢ㄧ殑鍙傝€冧功锛屽悓鏃朵篃鏄竴鏈傜敤浜庡綋浠婂煄甯備笌鏅瑙勫垝璁捐鐨勮绋嬨€備功涓粙缁嶄簡澶氫綅鐢熸€佽鍒掑垱濮嬩汉鍙婂綋浠ｇ敓鎬佽鍒掑笀鐨勫伐浣滄垚鏋滐紝鐞嗚銆傚楹﹀厠鍝堟牸銆佽姃绂忓痉銆佸崱灏斅锋柉鍧﹀凹鍏?Carl Steinitz)绛夛紝鑰屾湰涔︾殑浣滆€呬害鏄敓鎬佽鍒掔晫鐨勬澃鍑哄鑰呫€傞€氳繃闃呰杩欐湰涔︼紝涓嶄粎鍙互浜嗚В鏂潶绾虫暀鎺堟湰浜虹殑鎬濇兂锛岃繕鍙互浜嗚В鐢熸€佽鍒掓渶缁忓吀鍙婃渶鍏堣繘鐨勭悊璁恒€佹妧鏈紝鍏锋湁寰堥珮鐨勯槄璇讳环鍊笺€傜幇鍦紝杩欐湰涔﹀凡缁忔垚涓虹編鍥藉鎵€澶у鐩稿叧璇剧▼鐨勬寚瀹氬弬鑰冧功锛屽苟琚瘎涓衡€滆棰嗗煙鐨勬澃鍑鸿憲浣溾€濄€傝涔︾涓€鐗?1991骞村嚭鐗?鍗宠崳鑾风編鍥芥櫙瑙