固体物理前沿研究及应用.docxVIP

电子科技大学光电信息学院课程设计论文课程名称固体物理与半导体物理题目名称 固体物理前沿研究与应用学号 姓 名指导老师 刘爽起止时间 2012.10.8至2012.10.152012 年 10 月 13日目录摘要······························································11.固体物理学···················································11.1固体物理学的概述···········································11.1.1固体的一些性质········································11.2晶体·························································31.2.1晶体划分及其空间点阵类型·····························31.2.2晶体的描述·············································41.2.3晶体的性质·············································52.固体物理应用·················································62.1超导材料·····················································62.1.1大电流应用（强电应用）·································62.1.2电子学应用（弱电应用）·································72.1.3抗磁性的应用···········································82.2半导体材料···················································82.3表面物理学···················································92.4固体激光器···················································92.5固体物理在其他方面的应用···································103.固体物理的前沿研究··········································113.1石墨烯纳米结构和纳米器件研究·······························113.2 高温超导体的隧道谱研究·····································113.3 地震前兆信息的传播、分布和探测····························123.4 低维氧化物的结构设计与光电物理研究·······················123.5 利用表面等离子体共振效应在纳米尺度上对光的调控··········134.固体物理学的展望·············································145.总结和感想······················································14摘要：本文对于固体物理中晶体结构以及其性质，做了简单介绍，并探讨了固体物理的前沿研究现状与一些应用，以及固体物理今后的发展前景。关键字：晶体结构，固体物理，固体激光器，超导材料，半导体材料，固体表面物理。1.固体物理学1.1固体物理学的概述固体物理学是研究固体物质的物理性质、微观结构、构成物质的各种粒子的运动形态，及其相互关系的科学。它研究的内容包括固体是由什么原子组成？它们是怎样排列和结合的？这种结构是如何形成的？在特定的固体中，电子和原子取什么样的具体的运动形态？它的宏观性质和内部的微观运动形态有什么联系？各种固体有哪些可能的应用？1.1.1固体的一些性质固体相变晶体内部的原子可以形成不同形式的点阵。处于不同形式点阵的晶体，虽然化学成分相同，物理性质却可能不同。不同的点阵形式具有不同的能量。在低温时，点阵处于能量最低的形式；当晶体的内部能量增高，温度升高到一定数值，点阵就会转变到能量较高的形式。这种转变称为相变，相变会导致晶体物理性质的改变，相变是重要的物理现象。在固体物理学中相变占有重要地位。它涉及熔化、凝聚、凝固、晶体生长、蒸发、相干衡、相变动力学、临界现象等。固体磁性原子中电子参与两种运动：自旋及绕核的轨道运动