composition of functions组成的函数.pdfVIP

Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. Vol. 24, No. 3 (2000) 213–216 S0161171200003847 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS KANDASAMY MUTHUVEL (Received 26 March 1999 and in revised form 11 August 1999) Abstract. We prove that if f and g are functions from the reals into the reals such that the composition of g with f is continuous and f is both Darboux and surjective, then g is continuous. We also prove that continuous and Darboux can be interchanged in the above statement. Keywords and phrases. Darboux functions, continuous functions, composition of functions. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 26A15; Secondary 54C30. 1. Introduction. Throughout the paper, f and g are functions from the reals into the reals. The composition of g with f is denoted by g ◦f . It is easy to find examples to show that if g ◦f is continuous, then neither f nor g is continuous. The problem be- comes more interesting if some restrictions are put on f . For example, a well-known theorem states that if g ◦f is continuous, and f is both continuous and surjective, then g is continuous. However, it follows from our example that if “continuous” is replaced by “open” or “Darboux” in the above statement, then the new statements are no longer true. In this paper, we prove some interesting results concerning composi- tion of functions. For example, we generalize the above well-known result by showing that if g ◦f is continuous, and f is both Darboux and surjective, then g is continuous. This also improves [3, Theorem 3] which states that “if g ◦f is continuous, f and g are Darboux, and f is surjective, then g is continuous.” We also prove that continuous and Darboux can be interchanged in the above statement of our result, i.e., if g ◦f is Darboux and f is