cotranscriptional chromatin remodeling by small rna species an htlv-1 perspective由小型rna cotranscriptional染色质重塑物种htlv 1的角度.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Leukemia Research and Treatment Volume 2012, Article ID 984754, 15 pages doi:10.1155/2012/984754 Review Article Cotranscriptional Chromatin Remodeling by Small RNA Species: An HTLV-1 Perspective Nishat Aliya, Saifur Rahman, Zafar K. Khan, and Pooja Jain Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Pooja Jain, pjain@ Received 23 August 2011; Revised 28 October 2011; Accepted 3 November 2011 Academic Editor: Mineki Saito Copyright © 2012 Nishat Aliya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cell type specificity of human T cell leukemia virus 1 has been proposed as a possible reason for differential viral outcome in pri- mary target cells versus secondary. Through chromatin remodeling, the HTLV-1 transactivator protein Tax interacts with cellular factors at the chromosomally integrated viral promoter to activate downstream genes and control viral transcription. RNA inter- ference is the host innate defense mechanism mediated by short RNA species (siRNA or miRNA) that regulate gene expression. There exists a close collaborative functioning of cellular transcription factors with miRNA in order to regulate the expression of a number of eukaryotic genes including those involved in suppression of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, as well as repressing viral replication and propagation. In addition, it has been suggested that retroviral latency is influenced by chromatin alterations brought ab